Archive for the “Methodology” Category

Quality vs. Impact in Education

Quality vs. Impact in Education
‘Good training’ is simply not good enough, but how do you measure it? Initial reflection on this question showed that we can measure either the quality or the impact of educational activities. Because they are distinct, they lead to a different way of investing resources, depending on how relevant they are for the educational activity or for the overall organisational development.

If we consider the society as a system, the role of educational processes is to create a change in the state of the system, from an initial state to a desired state. In this sense, the impact of the educational process represents the change in between the two states whereas the quality refers to the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.

In recent years, the NGO sector has been focusing on the concept of quality in non-formal education. The quality of educational processes has been seen as a way to ensure the recognition of education and of the providers by the society. Although the work related to quality is just at its beginnings, many organisations have embraced the concept and stopped looking beyond the quality of the process or disconnecting the process from the rest of the system (the society and its impact in our case).

Looking at the business sector, education (non-formal education, training etc.) is built around the concept of Return on Investment (ROI) which basically refers to the comparison in between the resources invested in the educational process and the results, both at a personal and organisational level (the impact that the educational process has), giving a lower importance to the quality of the process.

Unfortunately, there is no simple mathematical relation in between quality of the educational process and the impact it has (a high quality process can have a big impact but it can also not have any impact at all – or can have a negative impact).

So, are they connected? And if yes – how? What are the variables of the system that, once modified, change either the quality or the impact or both? I have, therefore, decided to take on the challenge of investigating what can we modify in order to increase quality, impact or both at the same time in a controlled and predictable manner (more to follow).

What is clear at this point is that collecting data (assessment), quantifying that data (measurement) and making judgements (evaluation) are the three steps that are used to research both quality and impact, based on a set of variables (indicators). It is relevant to note that neither impact nor quality evaluations can be completed without an analysis of the present state (bench-marking).

So, do you measure the impact of YOUR educational activities? How about the quality? Do you have a RESOURCE to share?
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February 14, 2012 Post Under Methodology, Updates - Read More

Formal vs. Nonformal in learning

Formal vs. Nonformal in learning

Tens of thousands of trainers. Maybe hundreds of thousands of trainers. That is the number of trainers that Europe has at this point. The result of a boom in trainings for trainers, many of them still have a problem with differentiating between formal and nonformal learning.

If asked about the main difference between those two, the answers vary and the temptation to tackle any of the following is big: it’s the setting (formal/informal), it’s the recognition (yes/no), it’s the learning objectives, it’s the learning style and so on…

I strongly disagree: I believe that what makes the difference is level to which the needs of the subjects (students/participants) are taken into account both when setting the learning objectives (and yes, nonformal learning should have clearly definied learning objectives) and when designing the learning experience.

Basically, for all learning programs, two different categories of needs need to be taken into consideration: the organisational and the individual ones. In the category of organisational needs we have on the side of formal education, the needs identified by the ministries of education (comprised by the school curricula) and on the side of nonformal lerning, the needs of the organisation facilitating the learning process such as the development of the organisation, the promotion of the organisation and its values and so on.

Many formal education systems are nowadays promoting the idea of student – centred education which would mean that the learning also takes into consideration the needs of the students. And most of them have come to naught.

On the other hand, nonformal learning has the needs assessment as a core component of the development of a training program.

Or at least it should have it: we develop bulletproof methodologies to asses the needs of the participants before the training program and also throughout the training program. And we put them in practice. Unfortunately, there are times that they remain just that: a bulletproof methodology because the organisational needs are stronger and we cannot adapt the learning process. And that is the point were nonformal lerning becomes formal: the organisation knows better what the participants need… And that is not only a low quality learning process but also very sad…

So, when was the last time you totally changed the learning process that you designed because the needs of the participants asked for it? When was the last time you developed your training concept and methodology also after going through the applications of the participants? When you last told the participants that you are willing to change everything if they ask for it, did you really mean it?

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•    Formal learning takes place in education and training institutions, leading to recognised diplomas and qualifications.

•    Non-formal learning takes place alongside the mainstream systems of education and training and does not typically lead to formalised certificates. Non-formal learning may be provided in the workplace and through the activities of civil society organisations and groups (such as in youth organisations, trades unions and political parties). lt can also be provided through organisations or services that have been set up to complement formal systems (such as arts, music and sports classes or private tutoring to prepare for examinations).

•    Informal learning is a natural accompaniment to everyday life. Unlike formal and non -formal learning, informal learning is not necessarily intentional learning, and so may well not be recognised even by individuals themselves as contributing to their knowledge and skills.

Until now, formal learning has dominated policy thinking, shaping the ways in which education and training are provided and colouring people‘s understandings of what counts as learning. The continuum of lifelong learning brings non-formal and informal learning more fully into the picture. Non-formal learning, by definition, stands outside schools, colleges, training centres and universities. lt is not usually seen as ‘real‘ learning, and nor do its outcomes have much currency value on the labour market. Non-formal learning is therefore typically undervalued.

But informal learning is likely to be missed out of the picture altogether, although it is the oldest form of learning and remains the mainstay of early childhood learning. The fact that microcomputer technology has established itself in homes before it has done so in schools underlines the importance of informal learning. Informal contexts provide an enormous learning reservoir and could be an important source of innovation for teaching and learning methods.

(Source: A Memorandum on Lifelong Learning, European Commission, Unit E-3)

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July 18, 2011 Post Under Methodology, Updates - Read More

Learning to un-learn

Learning to un-learn

We learn to talk, we learn to walk, we learn to read and we learn to add, we learn to learn and we stick to it. But at which point do we learn to un-learn? And why does this hurt so much?

It happens often during training courses that participants are extremely reluctant to learning and it took me some while to understand why they act like that: sometimes learning hurts! Moreover, most of the trainers are not prepared to handle the situation.

The formal educational systems are established on the basis of passing the knowledge from the (smart) teacher to the (stupid) student, the students have no choice but following the teacher – mostly because the students have no previous knowledge in the areas they are studying and the teachers are the experts in the student-teacher relationships.

Sometimes, in non-formal education, the situation is the same: the participants do not have previous knowledge so the transfer is done from the trainer to the participants – and this is usually the model of ‘training’ that is being introduced to trainers during Trainings for Trainers.

The over-used Kolb model has this flaw: it presumes that there is no previous experience at the beginning of the learning cycle – therefore no pain and no reluctance.

What happens if the knowledge, skills or attitudes of the participants need not to be provided or developed but to be changed? And changed 180 degrees! This is the main source for the reluctance to learn that often the trainers (and probably teachers as well) are facing quite often – a situation that they do not know how to handle.

One of the learning models that offers an explanation for this process is the Four Learning Level Model, according to which there are four learning levels in which a learner can be:

  1. 1. Unconscious incompetent – the learner does not have the skills or knowledge and is not conscious that he/she does not have them (e.g. You don’t know how to drive and you don’t know that you don’t know how to drive);
  2. 2. Conscious incompetent – the learner does not have the skills or knowledge and is conscious about that (e.g. You do not know how you drive and you know that you do not know how to drive);
  3. 3. Conscious competent – the learner has the skills or knowledge and is conscious about it (e.g. You know how to drive and you are conscious about how you drive);
  4. 4. Unconscious competent – the learner has the skills or knowledge but is unconscious about it (e.g. You can drive a car and you donnot think about the process – it becomes automatic).

To get from level 4 to level 3 hurts participants in a moderate way – they would just acknowledge how they (re)act in certain situations. But going even one level down usually hurts a lot more. A lot!

And going from level 4 to level 2 is a must (un-learning) if a change in knowledge, skills or attitude is needed (re-learning). Because people do not like to be hurt, they become reluctant and that happens unconsciously. Unfortunately for the trainers that do not understand what is going on and why things are not going according to plan. Simple but not easy!

So how do you deal with this kind of pain? Of the participants or of yourself in a learning process?

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May 3, 2011 Post Under Methodology, Updates - Read More

Help Students Network – reloaded

Help Students Network – reloaded

În timpul T4T AEGEE din Izmir am zburat pentru 2 zile la Bruxelles pentru a fi din nou facilitator pentru Help Students Network, (15 – 16 octombrie 2010) o reţea de tineri şi studenţi creată în cadrul campaniei anti-fumat derulată de către Comisia Europeană.

Alături de aceeaşi 3 colegi din Pool of Trainers, European Youth Forum cu care am lucrat şi pentru prima întâlnire a reţelei de la Riga din mai 2010, am reuşit să ajutăm participaţii să producă într-un timp record un Commitment Paper care a stabilit modul de funcţionare a reţelei şi continuarea campaniei după finalul oficial (15 noiembrie).

Conform sitului oficial, “Uniunea Europeană a făcut din lupta împotriva fumatului una din priorităţile sale în domeniul sănătăţii publice. Bolile legate de consumul tutunului reprezintă azi prima şi cea mai importantă cauză a mortalităţii în Europa. Tutunul este responsabil de mai mult de 650 000 de decese în fiecare an în Uniunea Europeană, adică un deces din şapte. Această cifră include 19 000 de decese provocate de fumatul pasiv; aceste persoane nu au fumat niciodată!

Campania „Help – pentru o viaţă fără tutun”

Pe 31 mai 2009, de Ziua Mondială fără Tutun, Comisia Europeană a lansat a doua etapă a amplei sale campanii media destinată prevenirii şi stopării fumatului şi informării cu privire la pericolele fumatului pasiv în 27 de State Membre ale Uniunii Europene, în continuarea campaniei iniţiale de patru ani, desfăşurată între anii 2005 şi 2008.

Campania se adresează în mod special tinerilor. Desfăşurată în toate cele 27 de ţări membre U.E., campania Comisiei Europene „HELP – Pentru o viaţă fără tutun” a fost una dintre cele mai importante iniţiative de sensibilizare asupra unui aspect din domeniul sănătăţii organizată vreodată în lume.

Campania „Help” îşi propune să ofere sprijin tinerilor pentru a nu începe să fumeze, pentru a rezista presiunii anturajului sau pentru a face faţă fumatului pasiv.”

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November 16, 2010 Post Under Courses, Methodology, Updates - Read More

Training for Trainers – AEGEE

Training for Trainers – AEGEE

Imediat după primul curs de Seducţie am pornit spre Izmir, Turcia, pentru a fi trainer la Stagiul de Formare de Formatori al AEGEE (13 – 20 octombrie 2010). Echipa de traineri a fost formată din 4 persoane.

După câteva peripeţii pe drum, am reuşit să pregătim, alături de colegii mei, un super T4T pentru a forma noua generaţie de traineri din AEGEE şi BEST. Am trecut împreună cu participanţii prin elementele educaţiei nonfomale, metode specifice de training, tehnici de prezentare, gestionarea audienţei, dezvoltarea, implementarea şi evaluarea obiectivelor educaţionale şi multe altele.

Un aspect demn de menţionat şi nu foarte comun la alte ONGuri cu care am lucrat a fost sistemul de mentorat şi anume fiecare participant a avut oportunitatea de a-şi alege unul dintre traineri care să contribuie la dezvoltarea sa ulterioară. Din cei 13 participanţi, în prezent mentorez  5 participanţi şi un trainer.

A fost din nou o plăcere să interacţionez cu cultura organizaţională a AEGEE şi aştept cu interes o nouă invitaţie din partea lor.

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November 16, 2010 Post Under Courses, Methodology, Updates - Read More

EuroGames 2010

EuroGames 2010

EuroGames 2010 este noul manual de animaţie destinat tinerilor produs de Youth for Exchange and Understanding (YEU). Acest manual este continuarea manualului din 1993 care a fost adaptat  pentru a putea fi folosit şi  în grupuri care cuprind persoane cu dizabilităţi.

Împreună cu ceilalţi 12 experţi, am reuşit să adaptăm peste 100 de activităţi în doar 3 zile. După adaptare, jocurilor le-au fost adăugate simboluri pentru a marca clar care este grupul de persoane căruia le sunt destinate.

Marea provocare a fost să adaptăm cât mai multe activităţi astfel încât ele să primească simbolul “general” , respectiv ele să poată fi aplicate grupurilor care au în componenţă orice tip de dizabilitate (de vedere, de auz, fizică sau mentală).  Am realizat rapid că marea majoritate a activităţilor folosite în organizaţiile de tineret nu se pot aplica nici măcar unui singur tip de dizabilitate.

După o serie de procese creative am reuşit să creăm un material complex, mult avansat faţă de cel din 1993 şi de departe mult mai inclusiv. Materialul va fi disponibil din luna noiembrie şi sper că tot mai multe organizaţii de tineret şi nu numai vor începe să aplice conceptul de incluziune a persoanelor cu dizabilităţi nu doar verbal sau prin traininguri.

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September 19, 2010 Post Under Events, Methodology, Updates - Read More

Facilitare… altfel

Facilitare… altfel

Deseori, ca şi trainer, am fost solicitat pentru a facilita diverse evenimente (despre diferenţa dintre facilitare şi training am mai scris aici), însă au existat şi cazuri deosebite, care au avut nevoie de metodologii mai speciale, altfel faţă de ce înseamnă facilitarea  obişnuită.

Cum facilitezi o pauză de cafea?

Una din aceste sarcini mai deosebite a fost facilitarea unei pauze de cafea. La întâlnirea de coordonare a reprezentanţilor sectorului ONG european cu ocazia desemnării anului 2011 ca anul european al voluntariatului, în 17 decembrie la Bruxelles, trebuia împreună cu alte două colege să facilităm o sesiune de networking pentru cei 100 de partiipanţi. Deşi obiectivele erau clare (oamenii trebuiau să se cunoască între ei şi să găsească cât mai mulţi parteneri pentru proiecte viitoare), timpul alocat sesiunii noastre a dispărut în mod miraculos după discursurile demintarilor europeni aflaţi la eveniment. Singurul moment în care mai puteam face ceva era pauza de cafea (20 de minute). Cum lumea era deja obosită, nici nu putea fi vorba anulării pazei de cafea pentru exerciţiile pe care le aveamm noi pregătite.

Aşa că am făcut ceea ce ştiam mai bine: am fost creativi! am decis să folosim unul din exerciţiile pe care le aveam pregătite, o variantă de Human Bingo, pe care l-am adaptat nevoilor noastre. Am creat o listă de 4 taskuri relevante obiectivelor (găseşte 4 persoane care fac parte dintr-un ONG cu aceeaşi misiune ca tine, identifică 3 noi idei de proect şi parteneri posbili etc), totul desfăşurat ăn timpul pauzei de cafea, pe care am mărit-o la 30 de minute.

Participanţii au fost relaxaţi şi atmosfera a devenit foarte amicală, s-au născut zeci de idei de proiecte, din care multe au fost puse în practică, participanţii au cunoscut posibili parteneri şi lumea a uitat de oboseală şi alte frustrări… toate acestea într-o pauză de cafea. Reprezentanţii Parlamentului European au conchis că sesiunea “pauza de cafea” a adus mult mai multe rezultate decât toate celelalte sesiuni la un loc.

Facilitează poza de grup!

În 5-7 mai 2010 am făcut parte din echipa de facilitatori ai întâlnirii HELP Student Network, reţeaua de organizaţii nonguvernamentale care au organizat proiecte pentru promovarea unei vieţi fără fumat (100 de participanţi). Conduceam o sesiune plenară, la finalul unei zile foarte lungi, o sesiune despre prezentarea rezultatelor întâlnirii, când am fost anunţat că primisem tricourile evenimentului şi avem fotografi ca să facem poza de grup… ACUM. Fotografii erau şi eu destul de plictisiţi şi când am văzut că cereau doar poze de grup cu toţi tinerii stând drept în faţa camerei, am ştiut că trebuie să iau atitudine.

Am luat microfonul, am ales o melodie potrivită unui shooting (Madonna – Vogue), m-am asigurat că se aude suficient de tare în sală şi am început să ne jucăm:) puţină animaţie nu a stricat niciodată nimănui. Am reuşit să surprind în mod plăcut sala şi am ajuns să avem nişte poze mult mai potrivite unui grup de tineri.

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May 18, 2010 Post Under Events, Methodology, Updates - Read More